A wide range of choice of material, characterizes Olga Matveyeva’s
porcelain by her sensitivity to nature and by the creation of
psychologically accurately observed figures, consistent with
the artist's view of the world.
The "Suprematist graft" which, according to the
art historian Lydia Andreyeva, Suyetin had applied to the
porcelain factory, became apparent in the work of younger
artists who joined the factory in the mid-1980s.
Even the first service forms created by Mikhail Sorokin marked
him out as a very talented artist, with his own characteristic
signature and a profound knowledge of the traditions and the
sculptural potential of the material. He knew how to produce
pieces, which were perfect in them, harmonious in form and
decoration. His last work, the service "Inversion",
with his own decoration, "Line", was nominated as
a true discovery in the modern architecture of small forms
at the first, and alas last, competition for ceramics painters
in the USSR. The work by Sergei Sokolov, full of temperament
in its composition, graphic line and coloring, widened the
range of contemporary themes for porcelain by subjects taken
from sport and a pictorial perception of the world of music
and of townscapes.
The creative individuality of every single artist working
in the porcelain factory found expression in the patterns
of its products and gave the serial production porcelain a
range of variety and emotional content. Despite the individual
ideas at play in the design of pieces, the porcelain factory
today is a collective business, and the translation of forms
created by the artist into porcelain would be impossible without
specialized experts like those who have contributed to the
factory's fame throughout the centuries. Experience has accumulated
over the generations of modellers, casters and porcelain painters,
the people who possess unique expertise, inventiveness, a
feel for the designer's intention and a thorough knowledge
of the characteristics of porcelain. For decades past and
to this day, the creators of form and color have worked side
by side in the factory's artistic laboratory with first-rate
casters and modellers, such as Ivan Beryoskin, Irina Trumpit,
Anna Pavlova, Alexander Nikitin, Yury Troizki, Sergei Veryutin,
Valentina Selina, Raisa Semyonova, the "gold hand"
painters Olga Lebedeva and Maya Arefyeva, Anna Nosova and
Olga Ryseva, Maya Grishchenko and Ludmila Sinovyeva, Alexandra
Savushkina, Yury Gribov, Tatiana Uvarova and many others whose
craft enables them to reproduce difficult pieces by modern
masters and to copy imperial porcelain, to execute orders
from government and institutions, to make prizes and decorations
for festivals and competitions at home and abroad, to manufacture
porcelain for foreign firms, as well as for sale in the factory's
own shop, that has now been reopened, for the third time in
its history, on Nevski Prospect. To mark 1000 years of Christian
Russia, the Russian Orthodox Church commissioned a ceremonial
service for the Patriarch's residence, consisting of almost
one thousand pieces. The painter K. Kosenkova incorporated
elements of church symbolism into the decoration of this votive
service and the use of gold on a green background gave the
pieces a look at once elegant and festive. The painter Alexander
Volkov, renowned cultural worker of the RSFSR, continued the
tradition of portraiture on porcelain. He created an entire
gallery of statesmen, party leaders, cosmonauts, military
figures, actors and writers on ceremonial vases, porcelain
plaques and decorative dishes. Lenin's portrait, painted by
Volkov to mark the 60th anniversary of the October revolution,
is considered to be one of the best among porcelain paintings
of Lenin. A representation of the General Secretary of the
Central Committee of the Communist Party, Leonid Brezhnev,
was ordered with particular frequency. He had honored the
factory with a visit. The former General Secretary not only
collected his portraits, wearing a new order on each new one,
but he also liked to give them away to visiting foreign heads
of state at receptions. Volkov's townscapes, with the panorama
of the Moscow Kremlin and views of Leningrad, were also given
as official presents. The double function of the Leningrad
factory, as a centre of ceramic art and as a modern industry,
made it necessary to find new means of internal communication.
Nina Slavina, the head of decoration, and Sinaida Meteliza,
the director of the porcelain factory, was able to find a
common language. Sinaida Meteliza, a trained chemical engineer,
is the first director in the factory's history who has not
been brought in as a "foreign governor". She has
done all jobs in the factory, from apprentice caster to head
of the company. At the beginning of the 1980s, the Leningrad
factory produced more than 17 million items annually. The
range consisted of nearly 500 lines, different in form and
decoration; porcelain with the LFZ stamp was sold in the Soviet
Union and exported to some 20 other countries. In 1980 the
Lomonosov factory was awarded the international "Golden
Mercury" prize in "special recognition of its contribution
to the development of production and to international cooperation".
It ranked among the most highly profitable companies. During
the second half of the 1970s the factory underwent a second
phase of modernization. Without interrupting the main production,
a new hall for the preparation of paste was established, the
firing unit was modernized, the old tunnel kilns were replaced
by modern ones from the well-known firm of Ried-hammer and
the antiquated oven kilns had to make room for electrical
chamber kilns for the firing of under glaze items, the pride
of LFZ. The entire collective of employees, which today numbers
around 2000, is remarkable for its high proportion of long-serving
workers. The most important new development, however, is that
it has been agreed to install a new casting shop. The introduction
of this will lend new impetus to production, so that the factory
will be able to widen considerably its range of products,
adding modern articles of complex shape and not merely new
forms of china. The variety and artistic standard of serially
produced porcelain will thus be increased. This outlook inspires
hope. The decoration collective, which includes young artists,
will be able to continue its work, whereas many other enterprises,
owing to the change to a market economy, are worried about
their continued existence and are concerned that artistic
considerations have fallen by the wayside. Gorbachev's "Perestroika",
proclaimed as a "renewal of socialism", led to the
dissolution of the Soviet Union, to crisis and economic chaos,
and a change to profit and commercialism. The LFZ was able
to continue its work, however, even under these complex social
conditions, maintaining its profile and producing articles
of a high artistic standard. The Russian government's new
economic policies, the change-over to market conditions and
the privatization of nationalized property, brought adjustments
to the statutes of the Lomonosov factory. The factory management
and the entire workers' collective decided to transform the
enterprise into a joint-stock company, the "Lomonosov
Porcelain Factory", so as to ensure continued existence
as an entity, to preserve the unique museum collection, and
to safeguard the continuity and traditions in the art of porcelain
making. Its 2000 workers became the founder members of this
new enterprise.
In 1993 Russia's oldest porcelain factory thus entered a
new phase in its history as a private company.
One may assume that the Lomonosov Porcelain Factory - with
its history spanning more than two centuries, so closely interwoven
with the history of our country, and with its remarkable synthesis
of industry and art and its rich historic, scientific and
cultural heritage - will take its place in a reborn and renewed
Russia.
Russian porcelain, born on the banks of the Neva and now
an indivisible part of majestic St. Petersburg, will continue
to set the standard by which the classical mood and freshness
of art of this Palmyra of the north will be judged. In other
words: the LFZ represents the true national wealth of our
fatherland.
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